The time machine (1895)

H(erbert) G(eorge) Wells (1866-1946)

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English novelist, journalist, sociologist, and historian, whose science fiction stories have been filmed many times. H.G. Wells’s best known works are THE TIME MACHINE (1895), one of the first modern science fiction stories, THE INVISIBLE MAN (1897), and THE WAR OF THE WORLDS (1898). Wells wrote over a hundred of books, about fifty of them novels.

“No one would have believed, in the last years of the nineteenth century, that human affairs were being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man’s and yet as mortal as his own; that as men busied themselves about their affairs they were scrutinized and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with a microscope might scrutinize the transient creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of water.” (from War of the Worlds)

Along with George Orwell’s Nineteen-Eighty-Four and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, which was a pessimistic answer to scientific optimism, Wells’s novels are among the classics of science-fiction. Later Wells’s romantic and enthusiastic conception of technology turned more doubtful. His bitter side is seen early in the novel BOON (1915), which was a parody of Henry James.

Herbert George Wells was born in Bromley, Kent. His father was a shopkeeper and a professional cricketer until he broke his leg. In his early childhood, Wells developed love for literature. His mother served from time to time as a housekeeper at the nearby estate of Uppark, and young Wells studied books in the library secretly. When his father’s business failed, Wells was apprenticed like his brothers to a draper. He spent the years between 1880 and 1883 in Windsor and Southsea, and later recorded them in KIPPS (1905). In the story Arthur Kipps is raised by his aunt and uncle. Kipps is also apprenticed to a draper. After learning that he has been left a fortune, Kipps enters the upper-class society, which Wells describes with sharp social criticism.

In 1883 Wells became a teacher/pupil at Midhurst Grammar School. He obtained a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in London and studied there biology under T.H. Huxley. However, his interest faltered and in 1887 he left without a degree. He taught in private schools for four years, not taking his B.S. degree until 1890. Next year he settled in London, married his cousin Isabel and continued his career as a teacher in a correspondence college. Wells left Isabel for one of his brightest students, Amy Catherine, whom he married in 1895. Their first son, George Philip, was born in 1901.

From 1893 Wells devoted himself entirely to writing. As a novelist Wells made his debut with The Time Machine, a parody of English class division. The narrator is Hillyer, who discusses with his friends about theories of time travel. A week later their host has an incredible story to tell – he has returned from the year 802701. The Time Traveler had found two people: the Eloi, weak and little, who live above ground in a seemingly Edenic paradise, and the Morlocks, bestial creatures that live below ground, who eat the Eloi. The Traveler’s beautiful friend Weena is killed, he flees into the far future, where he encounters “crab-like creatures” and things “like a huge white butterfly”, that have taken over the planet. In the year 30,000,000 he finds lichens, blood-red sea and a creature with tentacles. He returns horrified back to the present. Much of the realistic atmosphere of the story was achieved by carefully studied technical details. The basic principles of the machine contained materials regarding time as the fourth dimension – years later Albert Einstein published his theory of the four dimensional continuum of space-time.

The Time Machine was followed by THE ISLAND OF DR. MOREAU (1896), in which a mad scientist transforms animals into human creatures. The story is told in flashback by a man named Prendick. He travels with a biologist to a remote island, which is controlled by Dr. Moreau. In his laboratory he experiments with animals, and has created Beast People. Moreau is killed by Puma-Woman. Prendick escapes from the island, and returns to London. He concludes the tale: “Even then it seemed that I, too, was not a reasonable creature, but only an animal tormented with some strange disorder in its brain, that sent it to wander alone, like as sheep stricken with the gid.” Wells, who was a Darwinist, did not reject the evolutionary theory but attacked optimists and warned that human progress is not inevitable. In film versions the character of Dr. Moreau has inspired such actors as Charles Laughton, Burt Lancaster, and Marlon Brando.

The Invisible Man was a Faustian story of a scientist who has tampered with nature in pursuit of superhuman powers, and The War of the Worlds, a novel of an invasion of Martians. The story appeared at a time when Giovanni Schiaparelli’s discovery of Martian “canals” and Percival Lowell’s book Mars (1895) stirred speculations that there could be life on the Red Planet. The narrator is an unnamed “philosophical writer” who tells about events that happened six years earlier. Martian cylinders land on earth outside London and the invaders, who have a “roundish bulk with tentacles” start to vaporize humans. The Martians build walking tripods which ruin towns. Panic spreads, London is evacuated. Martians release poisonous black smoke. However, Martians are slain “by the humblest things that God, in his wisdom, has put on this earth.”

Cecil B. DeMille bought the rights of the novel in 1925. In 1930 Paramount offered the story to the Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein, but he never attempted an adaptation. Its later Hollywood version from 1953 reflected Cold War attitudes. THE FIRST MEN ON THE MOON (1901) was prophetic description of the methodology of space flight, and THE WAR IN THE AIR (1908) foresaw the importance of air forces in combat. Although Wells’s novels were highly entertaining, he also tried to arise debate about the future of the mankind. His novel, IN THE DAYS OF THE COMET (1906), was about a giant comet, that nearly hits Earth, but its tail gases cause changes in human behaviour. One of Wells’s earlier stories, ‘The Star’ (1887), tells of a planet, that almost demolishes the world before hitting the sun. However, in THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME (1933), Wells failed to anticipate the importance of atomic energy, although in THE WORLD SET FREE (1914) a physicist manages to split the atom.

Dissatisfied with his literary work, Wells moved into the novel genre with LOVE AND MR. LEWISHAM (1900). Kipps strengthened his reputation as a serous writer. Wells also published critical pamphlets attacking the Victorian social order, among them ANTICIPATIONS (1901), MANKIND IN THE MAKING (1903), and A MODERN UTOPIA (1905). In THE HISTORY OF MR. POLLY (1909) Wells returned to vanished England.

Passionate concern for society led Wells to join in 1903 the socialist Fabian Society in London. It advocated a fairer society by planning for a gradual system of reforms. Wells did not believe in Marx’s proletarian socialism, and wrote a messianic dystopia about socialist revolution, WHEN THE SLEEPER WAKES (1899), in which the organiser of the revolution, Ostrog, says: “All power is for those who can handle wealth. . .. You must accept facts, and these are facts. The world for the Crowd! The Crowd as Ruler! Even in your days that creed had been tried and condemned. To-day it has only one believer–a multiplex, silly one–the mall in the Crowd.”

Wells soon quarreled with the society’s leaders, among them George Bernard Shaw. This experience was basis for his novel THE NEW MACHIAVELLI (1911), which portrayed the noted Fabians. At the outbreak of war in 1914, Wells left his lover, Elizabeth Von Arnim, and began a love affair with a young journalist, Rebecca West, 26 years his junior. West and Wells called themselves “panther” and “jaguar”. Their son Anthony West later wrote about their difficult relationship in Aspects of a Life (1984).

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In his novels Wells used his two wives, Amber Reeves, Rebecca West, Odette Keun and all the passing mistresses as models for his characters. ”I was never a great amorist,” Wells wrote in EXPERIMENT IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY (1934) ”though I have loved several people very deeply.” Rebecca West became a famous author and married a wealthy banker, Henry Andrews, who had business interests in Germany. Elizabeth von Arnim dismissed Wells, and Moura Budberg, Maxim Gorky’s former mistress, refused to marry him or even be faithful.

“Nothing could have been more obvious to the people of the early twentieth century than the rapidity with which war was becoming impossible. And as certainly they did not see it. They did not see it until the atomic bombs burst in their fumbling hands.” (from The World Set Free, 1914)

After WW I Wells published several non-fiction works, among them THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY (1920), THE SCIENCE OF LIFE (1929-39), written in collaboration with Sir Julian Huxley and George Philip Wells, and EXPERIMENT IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY (1934). At this time Wells had gained the status as a popular celebrity, and he continued to write prolifically. In 1917 he was a member of Research Committee for the League of Nations and published several books about the world organization. Wells Rising militarism disgusted Wells. “The professional military mind is by necessity an inferior and unimaginative mind,” he said, “no man of high intellectual quality would willingly imprison his gifts in such calling.” (from The Outline of History, 1920)

Although Wells had many reservations about the Soviet system, he understood the broad aims of the Russian Revolution, and had in 1920 a fairly amiable meeting with Lenin. In the early 1920s Wells was a labour candidate for Parliament. Between the years 1924 and 1933 Wells lived mainly in France. From 1934 to 1946 he was the International president of PEN. In 1934 he had discussions with both Stalin, who left him disillusioned, and Roosevelt, trying to recruit them without success to his world-saving schemes. Wells was convinced that Western socialists cannot compromise with Communism, and that the best hope for the future lay in Washington. Also one of his mistresses, Moura Budberg, turned out to be a Soviet agent for years. In THE HOLY TERROR (1939) Wells studied the psychological development of a modern dictator exemplified in the careers of Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler.

Orson Welles’ Mercury Theater radio broadcast, based on The War of the Worlds, caused a panic in the Eastern United States on October 30, 1938. In Newark, New Jersey, all the occupants of a block of flats left their homes with wet towels round their heads and in Harlem a congregation fell to its knees. Welles, who first considered the show silly, was shaken by the panic he had unleashed and promised that he would never do anything like it again. Later Welles attempted to claim authorship for the script, but it was written by Howard Koch, whose inside story of the whole episode, The panic broadcast; portrait of an event, appeared in 1970. Wells himself was not amused with the radio play. He met the young director in 1940 at a San Antonio radio station, but was at that time mellowed and advertised Welles next film, Citizen Kane.

“Those who have not read The War of the Worlds may be surprised to find that, like much of Wells’s writing, it is full of poetry and contains passages that catch the throat. Wells tried to pretend that he was not an artist and stated that “there will come a time for every work of art when it will have served its purpose and be bereft of its last rag of significance.” This has not yet happened for the best of Wells’s science fiction, though it has done so for all but a few of his realistic and political novels.” (Arthur C. Clarke in Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds!, 1999)

Wells lived through World War II in his house on Regent’s Park, refusing to let the blitz drive him out of London. His last book, MIND AT THE END OF ITS TETHER (1945), was about mankind’s future prospects, which he had always viewed with pessimism. “Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe,” he wrote already in The Outline of History. Wells died in London on August 13. 1946.

For further reading: The Invisible Man: The Life and Liberties of H.G. Wells by Michael Coren (1993); A Critical Edition of The War of the Worlds, ed. by David Y. Hughes and Harry M. Geduld (1993); H.G. Wells: Six Scientific Romances Adapted for Film by Thomas C. Renzi (1992); H.G. Wells by Brian Murray (1990); H.G. Wells under Revision, ed. by Patrick Parrinder and Christopher Rolfe (1990); H.G. Wells by Brian Murray (1990); H.G. Wells: A Comprehensive Bibliography, published by the H.G. Wells Society (1986); The Time Traveller: Life of H.G. Wells by Norman and Jean Mackenzie (1973); H.G. Wells: The Critical Heritage, ed. by P. Parrinder (1972); H.G. Wells by L. Dickson (1969); The Early H.G. Wells by Bernard Bergonzi (1961); A Companion to Mr. Wells’s “Outline of History,” by Hilaire Belloc (1926); The World of H.G. Wells by Van Wyck Brooks (1915) – See also: Jules Verne, Edgar Rice Burroughs

Selected works:

TEXT-BOOK OF BIOLOGY, 1892-93
HONOURS PHYSIOGRAPHY, 1893
THE LORD OF THE DYNAMOS, 1894 – Voimakoneitten herra ja muita tapauksia (suom. Vδinφ Hδmeen- Anttila)
THE STOLEN BACILLUS AND OTHER STORIES, 1895 – Varastettu basilli ja muita kertomuksia (suom. Vδinφ Hδmeen-Anttila)
THE TIME MACHINE, 1895 – Aikakone (suom.: Lyyli Vihervaara; Matti Kannosto; Tero Valkonen) – film 1960, dir, by George Pal; film 2002, dir. by Simon Wells, starring Guy Pearce, Samantha Mumba, Mark Addy, Phylidda Law, Orlando Jones and Jeremy Irons
THE WONDERFUL VISIT, 1895
SELECT CONVERSATIONS WITH AN UNCLE, 1895
THE RED ROOM, 1896 – Punainen huone (suom. Matti Rosvall)
THE WHEELS OF CHANGE, 1896
THE ISLAND OF DOCTOR MOREAU, 1896 – Kauhun saari (suom. Teppo Heino) / Tohtori Moreaun saari (suom. Markku Salo) – film 1932, dir. by Erle C. Kenton; film 1977, dir. by Don Taylor; film 1996, dir. by John Frankenheimer, starring Burt Lancaster, Michael York, Nigel Davenport
THE INVISIBLE MAN, 1897 – Näkymätön mies (suom.: Tapio Hiisivaara; Aino Tuomikoski) – film 1934, dir. by James Whale, starring Claude Rains
THE VALLEY OF SPIDERS, 1897 – Hämähäkkilaakso ja muita kertomuksia (suom. Werner Anttila)
THE PLATTNER STORY, 1897
THIRTY STRANGE STORIES, 1897
CERTAIN PERSONAL MATTERS, 1897
THE WAR OF THE WORLDS, 1898 – Maailmojen sota (suom. Matti Kannosto) – Orson Welles’s radio dramatization of it in October 1938 caused widespread panic in the U.S. In Byron Haskin’s film from 1953 the alien ship attacks Los Angeles. ‘Haskin admits that the film was a war picture even without the Martian shots: “if Russia and the United States had started hostilities, you could have substituted the Russian invasion and have had a hell of a war film. “‘ (from Novels into Film by John C. Tibbets and James M. Welsh, 1999). Roland Emmerich’s film Independence day (1996) sticks closely to the plot of Well’s story. Film 2005, dir. by Steven Spielberg, screenplay by David Koepp, starring Tom Cruise, Justin Chatwin, Dakota Fanning, Tom Robbins. Spielberg’s film is set in New Jersey today.
TALES OF SPACE AND TIME, 1899
WHEN THE SLEEPER WAKES, 1899 – Kun nukkuja herää (suom. Jalmari Finne; Tero Valkonen)
A CURE FOR LOVE, 1899
TALES OF SPACE AND TIME, 1899
THE VACANT COUNTRY, 1899
LOVE AND MR. LEWISHAM, 1900
ANTICIPATIONS, 1901
THE FIRST MEN IN THE MOON, 1901 – Ensimmäiset ihmiset Kuussa (suom. S. Samuli)
ANTICIPATIONS OF THE REACTIONS OF MECHANICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS UPON HUMAN LIFE AND THOUGHT, 1901
THE DISCOVERY OF THE FUTURE, 1902
THE SEA LADY, 1902
TWELVE STORIES AND A DREAM, 1903
MANKIND IN THE MAKING, 1903
THE FOOD OF GODS, 1904
A MODERN UTOPIA, 1905 – Nykyaikainen Utopia (suom. Ville-Juhani Sutinen)
KIPPS: THE STORY OF A SIMPLE SOUL, 1905 – Kipps esiintyy seurapiireissä (suom. Ahti M. Salonen) – film 1941, dir. by Carol Reed
IN THE DAYS OF THE COMET, 1906
SOCIALISM AND THE FAMILY, 1906
FAULTS OF THE FABIAN, 1906
THE FUTURE IN AMERICA, 1906
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FABIAN SOCIETY, 1906
WILL SOCIALISM DESTROY THE HOME?, 1907
THIS MISERY OF BOOTS, 1907
TONO-BUNGAY, 1908
THE WAR IN THE AIR, 1908 – Ilmasota (suom. Toivo Wallenius)
FIRST AND LAST THINGS, 1908
NEW WORLDS FOR OLD, 1908 – Uusia maailmoita vanhojen sijaan (suom. J. Hollo)
ANN VERONICA, 1909
THE HISTORY OF MR. POLLY, 1910 – film 1948, dir. by Anthony Pelissier
THE NEW MACHIAVELLI, 1911
THE H.G. WELLS CALENDAR, 1911
THE COUNTRY OF THE BLIND, 1911
THE DOOR IN THE WALL, 1911
MARRIAGE, 1912
THE GREAT STATE, 1912 (ed. with G.R.S. Taylor and Frances Evelyn Warwick)
KIPPS, 1912 (play, with Rudolf Besier)
GREAT THOUGHTS FROM H.G. WELLS, 1912
FLOOR GAMES, 1912
THE LABOUR UNREST, 1912
LIBERALISM AND ITS PARTY, 1913
LITTLE WARS, 1913
WAR AND COMMON SENSE, 1913
THOUGHTS FROM H.G. WELLS, 1913
THE PASSIONATE FRIENDS, 1913
THE STAR, 1913
THE WIFE OF SIR ISAAC HARMAN, 1914
THE WORLD SET FREE, 1914
AN ENGLISHMAN LOOKS AT THE WORLD, 1914
THE WAR THAT WILL END WAR, 1914
BOON, 1915
THE RESEARCH MAGNIFICENT, 1915
BEALBY, 1915
THE PEACE OF THE WORLD, 1915
THE ELEMENTS OF RECONSTRUCTION, 1916
WHAT IS COMING?, 1916
MR. BRITLING SEES IT THROUGH, 1916 – Mr. Britling pääsee selvyyteen
GOD THE INVISIBLE KING, 1917 – Kuninkaitten kuningas (suom. Eino Palola)
THE SOUL OF A BISHOP, 1917
GOD THE INVISIBLE KING, 1917
INTRODUCTION TO NOCTURNE, 1917
A REASONABLE MAN’S PEACE, 1917
WAR AND THE FUTURE, 1917
BRITISH NATIONALISM AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1918
IN THE FOURTH YEAR, 1918
JOAN AND PETER, 1918
HE UNDYING FIRE, 1919 – Ikuinen liekki (suom. Susanna Hirvikorpi)
HISTORY IS ONE, 1919
THE IDEA OF A LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1919 (with others)
THE WAY TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1919 (with others)
THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY, 1920; rev. ed. 1931 (see also Raymond Postgate) – Historian ääriviivat
FRANK SWINNERTON, 1920
RUSSIA IN THE SHADOWS, 1920
THE NEW TEACHING OF HISTORY, 1921
THE SALVAGING OF CIVILIZATION, 1921
THE WONDERFUL VISIT, 1921 (play, with St. John Ervine)
THE SECRET PLACES OF THE HEART, 1922
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE WORLD, 1922
WASHINGTON AND THE HOPE OF PEACE, 1922
THE WORLD, ITS DEBTS, AND THE RICH MEN, 1922
SOCIALISM AND THE SCIENTIFIC MOTIVE, 1923
contributor: THIRTY-ONE STORIES BY THIRTY AND ONE AUTHORS, 1923
MEN LIKE GODS, 1923
TALES OF THE UNEXPECTED, 1922-23
THE DREAM, 1924 – Uni (suom. Väinö Nyman)
THE P.R. PARLIAMENT, 1924
THE STORY OF A GREAT SCHOOLMASTER, 1924
WORKS, 1924 (28 vols.)
A YEAR OF PROPHESYING, 1924
A FORECAST OF THE WORLD’S AFFAIR, 1925
A SHORT HISTORY OF MANKIND, 1925
CHRISTINA ALBERTA’S FATHER, 1925
THE WORLD OF WILLIAM CLISSOLD, 1926
MR. BELLOC OBJECTS TO “THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY”, 1926
WORKS, 1926-27 (24 vols.)
IN MEMORY OF AMY CATHERINE WELLS, 1927
WELLS’ SOCIAL ANTICIPATIONS, 1927
MEANWHILE, 1927
DEMOCRACY UNDER REVISION, 1927
THE SHORT STORIES OF H.G. WELLS, 1927
MR. BLETTSWORTHY ON RAMPOLE ISLAND, 1928
H.G. WELLS COMEDIES, 1928 (plays, with Frank Wells)
THE OPEN CONSPIRACY, 1928
THE WAY THE WORLD IS GOING, 1928 THE COMMON SENSE OF WORLD PEACE, 1929
IMPERIALISM AND THE OPEN CONSPIRACY, 1929
THE KING WHO WAS A KING, 1929
THE ADVENTURES OF TOMMY, 1929
THE SCIENCE OF LIFE, 1929-30 – Elämän ihmeet (suom. Aarno Jalas)
THE AUTOCRACY OF MR. PARHAM, 1930
DIVORCE AS I SEE IT, 1930 (with others)
POINTS OF VIEW, 1930 (with others)
THE PROBLEM OF THE TROUBLESOME COLLABORATOR, 1930
THE SCIENCE OF LIFE, 1930 (with Julian S. Huxley and G.P. Wells)
SETTLEMENT OF THE TROUBLE BETWEEN MT. THRING AND MR. WELLS, 1930
THE WAY TO WORLD PEACE, 1930
THE WORK, WEALTH AND HAPPINESS OF MANKIND, 1931
THE STOLEN BODY, 1931
THE NEW RUSSIA, 1931
SELECTIONS FROM THE EARLY PROSE WORKS OF H.G. WELLS, 1931
THE WORK, WEALTH, AND HAPPINESS OF MANKIND, 1931-32
THE BULPINGTON OF BLUP, 1932
AFTER DEMOCRACY, 1932
THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME, 1933
EXPERIMENT IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 1934
STALIN-WELLS TALK, 1934
THE NEW AMERICA, 1935
THINGS TO COME: A FILM STORY BASED ON THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN HIS HISTORY OF THE FUTURE “THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME”, 1935 – film 1936, directed by William Cameron Menzies, adapted by H.G. Wells . “The book, unlike the film, does not end on a note of risk taking and space exploration; it is more interested in establishing the importance of the confluence of wills over the importance of individuals.” (from Novels into Film by John C. Tibbetts and James M. Welsh, 1999)
THE MAN WHO COULD WORK MIRACLES: A FILM STORY, 1936
IDEA OF A WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA, 1936
THE ANATOMY OF FRUSTRATION, 1936
THE CROQUET PLAYER, 1937
BRYNHILD, 1937
THE CAMFORD VISITATION, 1937
STAR BEGOTTEN, 1937
THE FAVORITE SHORT STORIES OF H.G. WELLS, 1937
WORLD BRAIN, 1938
APROPOS OF DOLORES, 1938
THE BROTHERS, 1938
THE HOLY TERROR, 1939
THE FATE OF HOMO SAPIENS, 1939
TRAVELS OF A REPUBLICAN RADICAL IN SEARCH OF HOT WATER, 1939
ALL ABOARD FOR ARARAT, 1940
BABES IN THE DARKLING WOOD, 1940
TWO HEMISPHERES OR ONE WORLD?, 1940
SHORT STORIES BY H.G. WELLS, 1940
THE COMMON SENSE OF WAR AND PEACE, 1940
H.G. WELLS, S. DE MADARIAGA, J. MIDDLETON MURRY, C.E.M. JOAD ON THE NEW WORLD ORDER, 1940
THE NEW WORLD READER, 1940
THE RIGHTS OF MAN, 1940
YOU CAN’T BE TOO CAREFUL: A SAMPLE OF LIFE 1901-1951, 1941
GUIDE TO THE NEW WORLD, 1941
THE POCKET HISTORY OF THE WORLD, 1941
THE CONQUEST OF TIME, 1942
MODERN RUSSIAN END ENGLISH REVOLUTIONARIES, 1942
THE NEW RIGHTS OF MAN, 1942
THE OUTLOOK FOR HOMO SAPIENS, 1942
PHOENIX, 1942
SCIENCE AND WORLD-MIND, 1942
A THESIS ON THE QUALITY OF ILLUSION, 1942
THE EMPIRE OF THE ANTS, 1943
THE INEXPERIENCED GHOST, 1943
THE LAND IRONCLADS, 1943
THE NEW ACCELERATOR, 1943
THE TRUTH ABOUT PYECRAFT, 1943
CRUX ANSATA, 1943
THE MOSLEY OUTRAGE, 1943
’42 TO ’44, 1944
RESHAPING MAN’S HERITAGE, 1944 (with J.S. Huxley and J.B.S. Haldane) )
THE INEXPERIENCED GHOST AND THE NEW ACCELERATOR, 1944
MIND AT THE END OF ITS TETHER, 1945
MIND AT THE END OF ITS TETHER, AND THE HAPPY TURNING, 1945
THE HAPPY TURNING: A DREAM OF LIFE, 1945
MARXISM VS. LIBERALISM, 1945
TWENTY-EIGHT SCIENCE FICTION STORIES, 1952
SEVEN STORIES, 1953
THE DESERT DAISY, 1957
THE H.G. WELLS PAPERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 1958 (ed. by Gordon N. Ray)
SELECTED SHORT STORIES, 1958
HENRY JAMES AND H.G. WELLS, 1958
ARNOLD BENNET AND H.G. WELLS, 1960
GEORGE GISSING AND H.G. WELLS, 1961
JOURNALISM AND PROPHECY 1893-1946 (ed. by W. Warren Wagar), 1964
HOOPDRIVER’S HOLIDAY, 1964 (play, adaptation of the novel The Wheels of Change)
THE VALLEY OF SPIDERS, 1964
THE CONE, 1965
THE INEXPERIENCED GHOST, AND NINE OTHER STORIES, 1965
THE BEST SCIENCE FICTION STORIES OF H.G. WELLS, 1966
contributor: MASTERPIECES OF SCIENCE FICTION, 1967
THE WEALTH OF MR. WADDY, 1969
A STORY OF THE DAYS TO COME, 1976
H.G. WELLS’S LITERARY CRITICISM, 1980
H.G. WELLS IN LOVE: A POSTSCRIPT TO AN EXPERIMENT IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 1984
THE MAN WITH A NOSE, 1984
TREASURY OF H.G. WELLS, 1985
H.G. WELLS SCIENCE FICTION TREASURY, 1987
THE COMPLETE SHORT STORIES OF H.G. WELLS, 1987
THE DISCOVERY OF THE FUTURE, WITH THE COMMON-SENSE OF WORLD PEACE AND THE HUMAN ADVENTURE, 1989
BERNARD SHAW AND H.G. WELLS, 1995 (ed. by J. Percy Smith)
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