Enrico Fermi (1901—1954)

A Biographical Memoir by Samuel K. Allison

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ENRICO FERMI, destined to be the first man to achieve the controlled release of nuclear energy, was born in Rome on September
29, 1901. His father, Alberto Fermi, was employed in the administration of the Italian railroads, finally rising to the position of division head. His mother, who had been Ida de Gattis, was a school teacher before her marriage. There were three children, of whom two, Enrico and Maria, who was two years his senior, survived to adulthood. Fermi’s higher education began in November, 1918, when he
entered the Reale Scuola Normale of Pisa where, because of his obvious promise, he had obtained a fellowship. He received the
degree of Doctor of Physics, magna cum laude, from Pisa in 1922, presenting for his thesis some experimental work on X-rays.1 From
the list of his publications we see that during his student days he was already working on problems in relativistic electrodynamics.
Fermi next spent seven months at Gottingen, which was at that time at the pinnacle of its fame in physics. He had been awarded a fellowship from the Italian Ministry of Public Instruction. His principal interest was in studying with Professor Max Born, but the stay at Gottingen was not a happy one.

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